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2019 Vol.21, Issue 5

Technical Note

A review on the design requirement of temperature in high-level nuclear waste disposal system: based on bentonite buffer

고준위폐기물처분시스템 설계 제한온도 설정에 관한 기술현황 분석: 벤토나이트 완충재를 중심으로

Jin-Seop Kim1*
,
Won-Jin Cho2
,
Seunghun Park3
,
Geon-Young Kim2
,
Min-Hoon Baik2
김 진섭1*
,
조 원진2
,
박 승훈3
,
김 건영2
,
백 민훈2
1Principal Researcher, Radioactive Waste Disposal Research Division, KAERI
2Principal Researcher, Radioactive Waste Disposal Research Division, KAERI
3Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Energy Resources Engineering, Inha University
1정회원, 한국원자력연구원 방사성폐기물처분연구부 책임연구원
2비회원, 한국원자력연구원 방사성폐기물처분연구부 책임연구원
3비회원, 인하대학교 에너지자원공학과 박사과정
* Corresponding Author
30 September 2019. pp. 587-609
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Abstract

Short-and long-term stabilities of bentonite, favored material as buffer in geological repositories for high-level waste were reviewed in this paper in addition to alternative design concepts of buffer to mitigate the thermal load from decay heat of SF (Spent Fuel) and further increase the disposal efficiency. It is generally reported that the irreversible changes in structure, hydraulic behavior, and swelling capacity are produced due to temperature increase and vapor flow between 150~250°C. Provided that the maximum temperature of bentonite is less than 150°C, however, the effects of temperature on the material, structural, and mineralogical stability seems to be minor. The maximum temperature in disposal system will constrain and determine the amount of waste to be disposed per unit area and be regarded as an important design parameter influencing the availability of disposal site. Thus, it is necessary to identify the effects of high temperature on the performance of buffer and allow for the thermal constraint greater than 100°C. In addition, the development of high-performance EBS (Engineered Barrier System) such as composite bentonite buffer mixed with graphite or silica and multi-layered buffer (i.e., highly thermal-conductive layer or insulating layer) should be taken into account to enhance the disposal efficiency in parallel with the development of multilayer repository. This will contribute to increase of reliability and securing the acceptance of the people with regard to a high-level waste disposal.

Keywords
Nuclear waste disposal
Buffer
Thermal constrain
Montmorillonite
Illite

본 연구에서는 고준위폐기물 처분장 내 완충재 로 제시되고 있는 벤토나이트의 재료적인 측면에서 장 ‧ 단기 처분 안정성을 분석하였으며, 처분효휼 향상을 위한 완충재 디자인 관련 대안개념에 대해 연구동향을 분석하였다. 일반적으로 150~250°C 사이에서 온도증가 및 증기발생 등으로 인해 완충재의 수리전도도와 팽윤능에 비가역적인 변화가 발생한다고 보고된다. 하지만 완충재의 최고온도가 최소한 150°C를 초과하지 않는다면 온도가 벤토나이트 완충재의 재료적, 구조적 그리고 광물학적 안전성에 미치는 영향은 크지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 완충재 최고온도 제한은 심층처분장 단위 면적에 처분할 수 있는 폐기물의 양을 제한하여 처분효율을 결정하며, 나아가 처분부지의 확보 가능성에까지 영향을 미치는 중요한 설계 인자이다. 따라서 고온이 완충재의 성능에 미치는 영향을 규명함으로써 완충재의 최고온도 제한을 완화하고, 이를 통해 심층처분장의 처분밀도 향상과 처분장 설계의 최적화를 도모할 필요가 있다. 이와 더불어 처분효율을 극대화하기 위해서는 복합소재(흑연, 실리카 등) 및 다중구조(전도층, 절연층 등)의 고기능성 공학적방벽재 개발과 다층 처분장(multilayer repository)으로 처분장 레이아웃을 변경하는 방법 등을 병행하여 검토할 필요가 있다. 이는 처분사업의 신뢰성 및 국민 수용성 확보에 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
고준위폐기물 처분
완충재
열적 제한 온도
몬모릴로나이트
일라이트
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 21
  • No :5
  • Pages :587-609
  • Received Date : 2019-05-28
  • Revised Date : 2019-07-29
  • Accepted Date : 2019-08-02
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2019.21.5.587
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