All Issue

2019 Vol.21, Issue 5 Preview Page

Research Paper

Assessment of NATM tunnel lining thickness and its behind state utilizing GPR survey

GPR탐사를 통한 NATM터널(무근)라이닝의 두께 분포 및 배면상태 평가

Jin-Ho Choo1*
,
Chang-Kyoon Yoo2
,
Young-Chul Oh3
,
In-Mo Lee4
추 진호1*
,
유 창균2
,
오 영철3
,
이 인모4
1Ph.D. Candidate, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University
2Employee, Technical Support in Diagnosis Division, Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Cooperation
3Manager, Technical Support in Diagnosis Division, Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Cooperation
4Professor, School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University
1정회원, 고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부 박사수료
2비회원, 한국시설안전공단 기술진단지원팀 직원
3비회원, 한국시설안전공단 기술진단지원팀 부장
4정회원, 고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부 교수
* Corresponding Author
30 September 2019. pp. 717-733
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

In this study, lining thickness distribution and its behind state (particularly, its void state) were analyzed using the GPR survey data performed on three currently operating NATM tunnels. Results of GPR analysis showed that void areas were mostly detected between concrete lining and primary support, particularly, near the crown of the tunnels. The lining thickness in the left-hand side of the tunnel was different from that of the right-hand side by 8.6~253.5 mm when measured in transverse direction. It was also found that longitudinal cracks were prevailed in the area lining thickness was sharply changed. Longitudinal thickness distribution at the crown was also studied and tested by performing 3 goodness-of-fit tests in order to find the most suitable thickness distribution. Normal distribution (or similar distribution) fit most suitably to the measured data if the measured average thickness was larger than designed one; Gamma and/or Inverse Gauss distribution fit to the measured data reasonably well if the measured average thickness was less than the designed value of thickness. Since actual lining thickness can be a potential index when assessing the state and safety of the unreinforced NATM tunnel lining, measuring of the lining thickness with GPR survey might be needed rather than assuming the thickness is always constant and same with the designed value.

Keywords
Lining thickness
Void state
GPR
Unreinforced NATM tunnel
State assessment

본 연구에서는 3개의 공용중인 NATM터널에서 수행된 정밀안전진단 GPR탐사 결과로 라이닝 두께분포 및 배면상태 특성을 분석하였다. 라이닝 천장에서 실시한 GPR 자료분석으로 라이닝 콘크리트와 1차지보재 사이에 공간이 대부분 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다. 다수의 라이닝 종단탐사로 분석된 횡단 두께의 좌·우 불균형은 8.6~253.5 mm로 확인되었으며 급격한 두께편차 주변에서 종방향균열 발생을 확인하였다. 라이닝 천단 중앙에서 실시된 종단 두께 분포는 3개의 적합도 검증을 통해 터널별 최적의 분포함수가 선정되었다. 종방향 라이닝 두께의 평균이 설계기준 이상인 경우 정규분포 및 이와 유사한 분포 특성을 나타내고 있으며, 설계두께 이하의 터널에서는 Gamma, Inverse Gauss분포함수가 해당 터널의 라이닝을 대표하기 위한 최적함수로 적합할 것으로 판단하였다. NATM터널(무근) 라이닝의 두께분포는 터널의 상태평가 및 안전성평가를 전반적으로 분석하기 위한 중요한 지표가 될 수 있으며, 향후 기존의 일정한 설계 두께를 적용하기 보다는 GPR탐사를 반영한 라이닝의 현실적인 평가 방법의 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
라이닝 두께
라이닝 배면상태
GPR
NATM터널(무근)
상태평가
References
1
Ansell, A. (2010), “Investigation of shrinkage cracking in shotcrete on tunnel drains”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 607-613.
10.1016/j.tust.2010.04.006
2
Basaligheh, F., Keyhani, A. (2015), “Application of tests of goodness of fit in determining the probability density function for spacing of steel sets in tunnel support system”, International Journal of Mining and Geo-engineering, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 187-203.
3
Bian, K., Liu, J., Xiao, M., Liu, Z. (2016), “Cause investigation and verification of lining crack of bifurcation tunnel at Huizhou pumped storage power station”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 54, pp. 123-134.
10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.030
4
Bjureland, W., Spross, J., Johansson, F., Prästings, A., Larsson, S. (2017), “Reliability aspects of rock tunnel design with the observational method”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 98, pp. 102-110.
10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.07.004
5
Choo, J.H., Park, S.W., Kim, H.T., Jee, K.H., Yoon, T.G. (2011), “Analysis and cause of occurrence of lining cracks on NATM tunnel based on the precise inspection for safety and diagnosis - Part I”, Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 199-214.
6
Choo, J.H., Yoo, C.K., Oh, Y.C., Lee, I.M. (2019), “A re-appraisal of scoring items in state assessment of NATM tunnel considering influencing factors causing longitudinal cracks”, Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 479-499.
7
Carranza-Torres, C., Diederichs, M. (2009), “Mechanical analysis of circular liners with particular reference to composite supports. For example, liners consisting of shotcrete and steel sets”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 506-532.
10.1016/j.tust.2009.02.001
8
Denys, B. (2012), Non-Destructive assessment of concrete structures: reliability and limits of single and combined techniques-state-of-the-art-report of the RILEM technical committee 207-INR, Springer, France, pp. 63-262.
9
Duracrete (2000), Statistical quantification of the variables in the limit state function: european union-brite euram III, CUR, pp. 1-130.
10
Haldar, A., Mahadevan, S. (2000), Probability, reliability and statistical methods in engineering design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 1-304.
11
Haack, A., Schreyer, J., Jackel, G. (1995), “State-of-the-art of non-destructive testing methods for determining the state of a tunnel lining”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 413-431.
10.1016/0886-7798(95)00030-3
12
Joh, S.H., Rahman, N.A., Magno, K. (2018), “Pavement integrity assessed by leaky surface waves with wave group interpretation”, Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements, Vol. 144, No. 3, pp. 04018036-1-14.
10.1061/JPEODX.0000067
13
KSCE (2015), Study of the effect of backfilling in tunnel lining, pp. 1-158.
14
Lateef, A.M. (2011), Analysis of the common defects on in-service urban tunnels and repairing effects, Doctoral Thesis, Chongqing University, pp. 1-156.
15
Lee, Y.S., Park, S.W, Whang, I.B., Shin, Y.S., Kim, S.G. (2009), “Analysis of cause and deterioration about using 3-arch tunnel”, Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 97-105.
16
Lee, K.H., Heo, I.W., Kim, D.H., Lee, I.M. (2011), “The construction management of tunnel using 3D laser scanner”, Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 159-176.
17
MOLIT (2016), Korean design standard: KCS 27 40 05, pp. 1-8.
18
Oreste, P.P. (2007), “A numerical approach to the hyperstatic reaction method for the dimensioning of tunnel supports”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 185-205.
10.1016/j.tust.2006.05.002
19
Park, J.J., Shin, J.C., Hwang, J.H., Lee, K.H., Seo, H.J., Lee, I.M. (2012a), “Assessment of over / under- break of tunnel utilizing BIM and 3D laser scanner”, Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 437-451.
10.9711/KTAJ.2012.14.4.437
20
Park, S.W., Park, S.S., Hwang, I.B., Cha, C.J. (2012b), “A case study on cause analysis for longitudinal crack of duct slab in tunnel”, Journal of the Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 19-28.
10.11112/jksmi.2012.16.5.019
21
Pöttler, R. (1993), “Die unbewehrte innenschale im Felstunnelbau - Standsicherheit und Verformung im Riβbereich”, Beton-und Stahlbetonbau, Vol. 88, No. 6, pp. 155-160.
10.1002/best.199300230
22
Yang, J.S., Fu, J.Y. (2015), “Investigation and rehabilitation of lining imperfections and cracks in an operating railway tunnel”, Proceedings of the Engineering Conference International Digital Achives - Shotcrete for Underground Support XII, October, Singapore, pp. 1-10.
23
Williams, N.D. (2014), Nondestructive testing of rail tunnel linings, Master of Science Thesis, Texas A&M University, pp. 1-100.
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 21
  • No :5
  • Pages :717-733
  • Received Date : 2019-07-25
  • Revised Date : 2019-08-13
  • Accepted Date : 2019-08-21
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2019.21.5.717
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
Online Submission & Review System
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close