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2021 Vol.23, Issue 6 Preview Page

Research Paper

A basic study on explosion pressure of hydrogen tank for hydrogen fueled vehicles in road tunnels

도로터널에서 수소 연료차 수소탱크 폭발시 폭발압력에 대한 기초적 연구

Ji-Oh Ryu1*
,
Sang-Ho Ahn2
,
Hu-Yeong Lee3
류 지오1*
,
안 상호2
,
이 후영3
1Professor, Dept. of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shinhan University
2Professor, Dept. of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shinhan University
3Student, Dept. of ICT Mechanical Engineering, Shinhan University Graduate School
1정회원, 신한대학교 기계자동차융합공학과 교수
2비회원, 신한대학교 기계자동차융합공학과 교수
3정회원, 신한대학교 대학원 ICT기계공학과 박사과정
*Corresponding Author
30 November 2021. pp. 517-534
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Abstract

Hydrogen fuel is emerging as an new energy source to replace fossil fuels in that it can solve environmental pollution problems and reduce energy imbalance and cost. Since hydrogen is eco-friendly but highly explosive, there is a high concern about fire and explosion accidents of hydrogen fueled vehicles. In particular, in semi-enclosed spaces such as tunnels, the risk is predicted to increase. Therefore, this study was conducted on the applicability of the equivalent TNT model and the numerical analysis method to evaluate the hydrogen explosion pressure in the tunnel. In comparison and review of the explosion pressure of 6 equivalent TNT models and Weyandt’s experimental results, the Henrych equation was found to be the closest with a deviation of 13.6%. As a result of examining the effect of hydrogen tank capacity (52, 72, 156 L) and tunnel cross-section (40.5, 54, 72, 95 m2) on the explosion pressure using numerical analysis, the explosion pressure wave in the tunnel initially it propagates in a hemispherical shape as in open space. Furthermore, when it passes the certain distance it is transformed a plane wave and propagates at a very gradual decay rate. The Henrych equation agrees well with the numerical analysis results in the section where the explosion pressure is rapidly decreasing, but it is significantly underestimated after the explosion pressure wave is transformed into a plane wave. In case of same hydrogen tank capacity, an explosion pressure decreases as the tunnel cross-sectional area increases, and in case of the same cross-sectional area, the explosion pressure increases by about 2.5 times if the hydrogen tank capacity increases from 52 L to 156 L. As a result of the evaluation of the limiting distance affecting the human body, when a 52 L hydrogen tank explodes, the limiting distance to death was estimated to be about 3 m, and the limiting distance to serious injury was estimated to be 28.5~35.8 m.

Keywords
TNT model
Hydrogen tank explosion
Explosion pressure
Hydrogen fueled vehicles
Plane wave

수소연료는 환경오염문제를 해소하고 에너지 불균형 및 비용을 절감할 수 있다는 점에서는 화석연료를 대체하는 에너지원으로 부각되고 있다. 수소는 친환경적이나 폭발성이 강하기 때문에 수소연료차의 화재, 폭발 사고에 대한 우려가 매우 높은 실정이다. 연구결과에서 수소사고는 일반적인 화재의 경우 비교적 안전하나, 폭발이 발생하면 매우 위험한 것으로 인식되고 있다. 특히, 터널과 같은 반밀폐공간에서는 위험도가 보다 증가할 것으로 예측되기에 이에 대한 예측방법 및 대책을 마련하기 위한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 터널에서 수소폭발시 안전성을 평가하기 위해서 등가 TNT모델의 적용성과 수치해석 방법에 대한 검토를 수행하였다. 6개의 등가 TNT모델과 Weyandt의 실험결과의 폭발압력을 비교 ‧ 검토하여 모델의 적용성을 평가한 결과, Henrych식이 13.6%의 편차로 가장 근접하는 것으로 나타났다. 수치해석을 이용하여 수소탱크 용량(52, 72, 156 L)과 터널 단면적(40.5, 54, 72, 95 m2)이 폭발압력에 미치는 영향에 대한 검토한 결과, 터널에서 폭발 압력파는 초기에는 대기중에서와 마찬가지로 반구형 형태로 전파되나 벽체에 도달하면 반사파가 형성되며, 일정 거리 이상에서는 평면파로 변형되어 아주 완만한 감쇄율로 전파하는 것으로 나타났다. 등가 TNT모델인 Henrych식은 폭발압력이 급격하게 감소하는 구간에서는 수치해석 결과와 잘 일치하나 폭발압력파가 변형된 이후에는 큰 폭으로 과소평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 수소탱크용량이 동일한 경우에는 터널 단면적이 증가할수록 폭발압력이 감소하며, 단면적이 동일한 경우에는 수소탱크 용량이 52 L에서 156 L로 증가하면 폭발압력은 약 2.5배 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 인체에 영향을 미치는 한계거리에 대한 평가결과, 수소탱크용량이 52 L인 경우 사망에 이르는 한계거리는 약 3 m, 중상에 이르는 거리는 단면적별로 차이가 있으나 28.5~35.8 m로 나타났다.

키워드
TNT 모델
수소탱크 폭발
폭발 압력
수소연료차
평면파
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 23
  • No :6
  • Pages :517-534
  • Received Date : 2021-10-21
  • Revised Date : 2021-11-12
  • Accepted Date : 2021-11-12
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2021.23.6.517
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