A numerical analysis study on the flammable volume by leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles in parking lot

Ho-Hyung Lee; Hyo-Gyu Kim; Ji-Oh Yoo; Doo-Young Kim

doi:10.9711/KTAJ.2021.23.6.439

All Issue

2021 Vol.23, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

A numerical analysis study on the flammable volume by leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles in parking lot 지하주차장 내 수소연료차의 수소 방출시 가연체적에 관한 수치해석적 연구

30 November 2021. pp. 439-449

PDF XML

Abstract

The recent reduction in greenhouse gases, interest in environmental pollution such as low-carbon emission policies is increasing. Accordingly, the penetration rate of eco-friendly vehicles, including hydrogen battery vehicles capable of reducing carbon emission, is increasing, and thus it is required for disaster prevention and safety-related measures. In this study, the degree of risk for the concentration distribution of hydrogen when leaking hydrogen fuel vehicles according to ventilation conditions was analyzed through numerical analysis, limited to places in parking lots. As a result, when only one hydrogen tank was released, the combustible volume ratio of hydrogen in the underground parking lot was up to 8.6%, and as ventilation continued, the volume ratio of combustible hydrogen decreased to less than 1% after 150 seconds, indicating that mechanical ventilation is essential. In the case of simultaneous release or stage release of three hydrogen tanks, the final combustible volume ratio of hydrogen is similar, but the increase in the combustible volume ratio of hydrogen in the early stage of release is low, and further research is expected.

Keywords

Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle

Parking lot

Semi-closed space

Hydrogen leakage

Flammability level

최근 온실가스 저감과 더불어 저탄소배출 정책 등 환경오염에 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 탄소배출을 저감할 수 있는 수소전지자동차를 비롯한 친환경 자동차의 보급률이 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 방재 및 안전관련 대책에 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 지하주차장의 장소에 국한하여 환기조건에 따라 수소연료자동차의 방출 시 수소의 농도 분포에 대한 위험정도를 수치해석을 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 수소탱크가 1개만 방출 될 경우 지하주차장 내 수소의 가연체적비는 최대 8.6%로 나타났으며, 환기가 지속적으로 이루어짐에 따라 연소가능한 수소의 체적비율은 150초 이후 1% 미만으로 감소되는 것으로 분석되어 기계적인 환기가 필수적인 것으로 분석되었다. 수소탱크 3개가 동시방출 또는 단계방출의 경우 최종적인 수소의 가연체적비율은 유사하지만 단계적으로 지연 방출함에 따라 방출 초기 수소의 가연체적비율의 증가폭이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 이에 따른 수소탱크 방출 시나리오의 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 예상된다.

키워드

수소연료전지차

지하주차장

반밀폐공간

수소누출

연소한계

References

Ahn, H.J., Jung, J.H., Hur, N.K., Lee, H.K., Yong, G.J. (2010), "The numerical simulation of hydrogen diffusion for the hydrogen leakage in tunnel", Journal of Computational Fluids Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 47-54.

Baek, D.S., Kim, H.G., Park, J.Y., Yoo, Y.H. (2021), "Numerical analysis study on the concentration change at hydrogen gas release in semi-closed space", Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 25-36.

Choi, J.R., Hur, N.K., Lee, M.K., Chang, H.J., Lee, K.B., Yong, G.J. (2012), "A numerical analysis of hydrogen diffusion for hydrogen leakage from a fuel cell vehicle in a long road tunnel", Transactions of the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 588-597. 10.7316/KHNES.2012.23.6.588

Choi, J.W., Li, L.N., Park, C.W., Lee, S.H., Kim, D.J. (2016), "Dispersion characteristics of hydrogen gas by the effect of leakage hole size in enclosure space", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 26-35. 10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.5.26

HyTunnel-CS (2019), Deliverable 1.2 Report on hydrogen hazards and risks in tunnels and similar confined spaces, pp. 24-26.

Hyundai Motor Company, https://www.hyundai.com/kr/ko/e/vehicles/nexo/spec (January 27, 2021).

Kim, E., Park, J., Cho, J.H., Moon, I. (2013), "Simulation of hydrogen leak and explosion for the safety design of hydrogen fueling station in Korea", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 1737-1743. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.08.079

Ministry of Environment (2020), National air pollutant emission trends, National Institute of Environmental Research, pp. 25-47.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.mofa.go.kr/www/wpge/m_20150/contents.do (January 4, 2021).

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2020), Guidelines for fire prevention equipments installation and management in road tunnels, pp. 74-75.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2021), Rules on facility standards, etc. of buildings, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Ordinance No. 219.

Information

Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
Volume : 23
No :6
Pages :439-449
Received Date : 2021-09-29
Revised Date : 2021-10-26
Accepted Date : 2021-10-26
DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2021.23.6.439

Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association ISSN:2233-8292(Print) 2287-4747(Online) 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집

All Issue