All Issue

2020 Vol.22, Issue 3 Preview Page

Research Paper

A study on the evaluation of fire safety according to the ventilation mode in a train fire at the subway platform

지하철 승강장에서 열차 화재시 제연모드에 따른 화재 안전성 평가 연구

Ji-Oh Ryu1*
,
Hu-Young Lee2
류 지오1*
,
이 후영2
1Professor, Dept. of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shinhan University
2Student, Shinhan University Graduate School
1정회원, 신한대학교 기계자동차융합공학과 교수
2정회원, 신한대학교 대학원 학생
* Corresponding Author
31 May 2020. pp. 293-310
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to present the most effective smoke exhaust mode by comparing the quantitatively evaluated risks according to the smoke exhaust mode when a train fire occurs in a subway platform. Therefore, applying the typical subway platform as a model, train fire scenarios are developed with the evacuation start time and location of the fire train for each exhaust mode. The fire accident rates (F) are calculated and the number of fatalities (N) was quantitatively estimated by fire analysis and evacuation analysis for each scenario. In addition, the F/N curve compared with the social risk assessment criteria and the following conclusions were obtained. In the event of a train fire at the subway station platform, the evacuation must start up within 600 s in maximum to ensure the evacuees’ safety. To secure evacuation safety, it is advantageous to operate the HVAC system of the platform in the air-supply mode at station without TVF. Comparing the F/N curve for each exhaust mode with the social risk criteria, it turned out that the risk significantly exceeds the social risk criteria in case of no mechanical ventilation. As a result, this paper shows that the ventilation mode in which TVF are exhausted and HVAC system is operated in the pressurized mode are the most effective smoke exhaust mode for ensuring evacuation safety.

Keywords
Subway platform fire
Smoke exhaust mode
Performance-based fire protection design
Quantitative risk assessment

본 연구에서는 지하철 승강장에서 화재가 발생하는 경우, 제연모드에 따른 위험도를 정량적 위험도 평가기법에 따라서 비교하여 안전확보에 가장 효과적인 제연모드를 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 전형적인 지하철 승장장을 모델로 하여 제연모드별로 대피개시간 및 화재발생열차의 위치에 따른 화재발생 시나리오를 작성하고, 시나리오별로 화재발생률(F)을 산정하고 화재해석과 대피해석을 수행하여 사망자수(N)를 정량적으로 추정하였다. 시나리오별 사고발생률(Frequency)과 사망자수(N:Fatalities)를 추정하여 F/N선도로 작성하고 이를 사회적 위험도 평가기준과 비교하여 화재 안전성을 평가하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 정거장 열차화재 시 인명안전을 위해서는 최대 600 s 이전에 대피가 개시되어야 하며, 정거장 양단배기 시스템이 없는 승강장에서는 승강장 공조시스템을 급기로 운영하여 승강장을 가압하는 것이 대피안전성 확보에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 승강장 열차화재시나리오에 따른 F/N선도를 작성하여 사회적 위험도 평가기준과 비교한 결과, 제연을 하지 않는 경우에는 한계기준을 상당히 초과하며, 양단배기를 수행하고 승강장을 가압운전모드에서 운영하는 제연모드가 대피안전에 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

키워드
지하철 승강장화재
제연모드
소방시설에 대한 성능위주설계
정량적 위험도 평가
References
1
Daegu Metropolitan City (2005), Daegu subway Jungangro station fire accident white paper", 2.18 Safety Culture Foundation, Korea, Daegu.
2
Kim, H.G., Yoo, J.O., Kim, D.Y. (2018), "A study on the optimal ventilation and smoke exhaust systems in case of fire in subway stations installed with PSD", Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 527-539.
3
Kim, J.S., Rie, D.H. (2017), "A study of comparative of evacuation time by platform type according to the propagation speed of smoke in subway platform fire", Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 577-588.
4
KTA (2015), Metropolitan high-speed rai (Suseo-Pyeongtaek) roadbed construction design - Research report for quantitative risk assessment criteria, Korea Rail Network Authority, Dejeon, Korea.
5
McKeen, P. (2016), Computational modeling of fire safety in metro-stations, Thesis of Master, Bachelor of Architectural Science, Ryerson University, pp. 9-14.
6
National Fire Agency (2013), Performance based design method and criteria for firefighting facilities, Korea.
7
National Fire Data System (2006~2016), https://www.nfds.go.kr.
8
Norén, A., Winér, J. (2003), Modelling crowd evacuation from road and train tunnels - Data and design for faster evacuations, Dept. of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Report 5127, Sweden, pp. 15-127.
9
Railway Safety Research Group (2014), Railway tunnel fire safety assessment manual, MOLIT, Sejong, Korea.
10
Rie, D., Ryu, J. (2020), "Sustainable urban planning technique of fire disaster prevention for subway", Sustainability, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 372.
10.3390/su12010372
11
Rie, D.H. (2003), "A study on safety evaluation by changing smoke ventilation mode in subway tunnels", Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 389-400.
12
Slusarczyk, J., Sinclair, J.R., Bliemel, M. (2000), "Evaluation of emergency ventilation in three subway stations", Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels, Boston, pp. 491-510.
13
Yang, K.H., Lee, H.N. (2000), "Analysis of performance-based smoke management system design in a shopping mall", International Journal on Architectural Science, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 181-192.
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 22
  • No :3
  • Pages :293-310
  • Received Date : 2020-03-26
  • Revised Date : 2020-04-23
  • Accepted Date : 2020-04-29
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2020.22.3.293
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
Online Submission & Review System
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close