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2026 Vol.28, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Paper

A three-dimensional numerical study on stage-dependent ground settlement in shield TBM tunneling

Shield TBM 굴착 단계에 따른 지반침하의 3차원 수치해석 연구

Ji-Seok Yun1
,
Wan-Kyu Yoo2
,
Gi-Jun Lee2
,
Je-Kyum Lee1
,
Young-Suk Song3
,
Han-Eol Kim4
,
Chang-Yong Kim5*
윤 지석1
,
유 완규2
,
이 기준2
,
이 제겸1
,
송 영석3
,
김 한얼4
,
김 창용5*
1Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
2Senior Researcher, Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
3Principal Researcher, Geological Safety Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources
4Senior Researcher, Underground Safety Assessment Center, Korea Expressway Corporation Research Institute
5Senior Research Fellow, Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology
1정회원, 한국건설기술연구원 지반연구본부 박사후연구원
2정회원, 한국건설기술연구원 지반연구본부 수석연구원
3비회원, 한국지질자원연구원 국토안전연구본부 책임연구원
4정회원, 한국도로공사 도로교통연구원 지하안전평가센터 책임연구원
5정회원, 한국건설기술연구원 지반연구본부 선임연구위원
*Corresponding Author
31 July 2026. pp. 303-319
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Abstract

Urban underground transportation infrastructure has increasingly adopted the shield TBM method due to its advantages in efficient space utilization and construction stability. However, during tunnel excavation using a shield TBM, ground settlement occurs as a cumulative result of multiple settlement mechanisms acting at different construction stages. Most previous studies have primarily focused on predicting the maximum settlement or the overall shape of settlement troughs, while investigations into settlement behavior according to excavation stages remain relatively limited. In this study, a three-dimensional FEM numerical model was developed based on field monitoring data from the Tehran Metro Line 7 project, and its reliability was validated through comparison with measured ground settlement. The validation results indicated a difference of 0.3 mm and an error rate of 4.23%, demonstrating that the proposed model can accurately reproduce field behavior. Using the validated model, a parametric analysis was conducted to investigate settlement behavior by classifying it into face, shield, and tail settlement stages, with tunnel diameter and ground elastic modulus considered as key variables. The results show that the overall magnitude of ground settlement increases with increasing tunnel diameter and decreasing elastic modulus. For a tunnel diameter of 3 m, face settlement accounted for the largest proportion of total settlement. In contrast, for all other tunnel diameters and ground stiffness conditions, tail settlement was identified as the dominant contributor, while shield-induced settlement exhibited a relatively constant contribution across all cases.

Keywords
Shield TBM
Settlement
Numerical analysis
Excavation stage
Underground space

도심 지하교통 인프라는 공간 활용성과 시공 안정성 측면의 장점으로 인해 Shield TBM 공법의 적용이 확대되고 있다. 그러나 Shield TBM을 적용한 터널 굴착 과정에서는 시공 단계별로 서로 다른 침하 메커니즘이 복합적으로 작용하며 지표침하가 누적되어 발생한다. 기존 연구는 대부분 최대 침하량이나 침하 곡선 형상 예측에 초점을 두어 왔으며, 굴착 단계별 침하를 분석한 연구는 상대적으로 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 Tehran Metro Line 7 현장의 계측 데이터를 기반으로 3차원 유한요소 수치해석 모델을 구축하고 실측 침하량과 비교하여 모델의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 차이는 0.3 mm, 오차율은 4.23%로 나타나 현장 거동을 높은 정확도로 재현하였다. 검증된 모델을 활용하여 터널 직경과 지반 탄성계수를 변수로 하여 침하를 막장, 쉴드, 테일 침하 단계로 구분하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 직경이 증가하고 탄성계수가 감소할수록 전체적인 침하량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 직경 3 m에서는 막장 침하가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였으나, 3 m를 제외한 모든 직경 및 강성 조건에서는 테일 침하가 가장 크게 발생하였으며 쉴드 침하는 상대적으로 일정한 기여율을 유지하였다.

키워드
Shield TBM
침하
수치해석
굴착 단계
지하공간
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 28
  • No :4
  • Pages :303-319
  • Received Date : 2026-05-29
  • Revised Date : 2026-06-15
  • Accepted Date : 2026-06-16
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2026.28.4.303
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