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2017 Vol.19, Issue 3 Preview Page
An analytical study on the fire characteristics of the small tunnel with large smoke exhaust port

대배기구 배연방식을 적용한 소형차 전용 터널의 화재특성에 관한 해석적 연구

Ji-Oh Yoo1*
,
Jin-Su Kim2
,
Kwan-Seok Rhee3
유 지오1*
,
김 진수2
,
이 관석3
1Professor, Dep. of Automotive Engineering, Shin-Han University
2Professor, Fire Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National Univ
3Professor, Dep. of Mechanical and Automatic Engineering, Kong-Ju National University
1신한대학교 자동차공학과 교수
2인천대학교 소방방재연구센터
3공주대학교 기계자동차공학부
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
31 May 2017. pp. 375-388
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Abstract

In order to solve the traffic congest and environmental issues, small-cross section tunnel for small car only is increasing, but there is not standard for installation of disaster prevention facility. In this study, in order to investigate the behavioral characteristics of thermal environment and smoke in a small cross section tunnels with a large port exhaust ventilation system, the A86, the U-Smartway and the Seobu moterawy tunnel, Temperature and CO concentration in case of fire according to cross sectional area, heat release rate and exhaust air flow rate were analyzed by numerical analysis and the results were as follows. As the cross-sectional area of the tunnel decreases, the temperature of the fire zone increases and the rate of temperature rise is not significantly affected by heat release rate. However, there is a difference depending on the change of the exhaust air flow rate. In the case of applying the exhaust air flow rate Q3+2.5Ar of the large port exhaust ventilation system, the temperature of the fire zone was 7.1 times for A86 (Ar = 25.3 m2) and 5.4 time for U-smartway (Ar = 37.32 m2) by Seobu moterway tunnel (Ar = 46.67 m2). The CO concentration of fire zone also showed the same tendency. The A86 tunnels were 10.7 times and the U-Smartways were 9.5 times more than the Seobu moterway. Therefore, in the case of a small section tunnel, the thermal environment and noxious gas concentration due to the reduction of the cross-sectional area are expected to increase significantly more than the cross-sectional reduction rate.

Keywords
Small-cross sectional tunnel
Tunnel fire
Large port exhaust ventilation system

교통난 해소와 녹지공간의 확보를 위해서 도심지 소형차 전용 소단면 터널이 증가하는 추세이나 소단면 터널에 대한 방 재시설 설치를 위한 기준은 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대배기구 방식을 적용한 소단면 터널에서 화재가 발생 하는 경우 열환경 및 유해가스(CO)의 농도 특성을 고찰하기 위해 A86터널, 서울시에서 계획한 바 있는 U-Smartway터 널, 서부간선터널을 모델로 하여 터널 단면적, 화재강도 및 배연풍량에 따른 화재시 터널내 온도 및 유해가스농도를 수치 해석적인 방법으로 해석하고 비교・검토하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 터널 단면적이 감소하면 화원부의 온도 는 증가하나 온도 상승률이 화재강도변화에 미치는 영향은 적다. 그러나 배연풍량 변화에 따라 큰 차이가 발생한다. 대배 기구 방식의 배연풍량으로 Q3+2.5Ar을 적용하는 경우, 화원부 온도는 서부간선터널(Ar = 46.67 m2)을 기준으로 하는 경우, A86(Ar = 25.3 m2)은 7.1배, U-smartway(Ar = 37.32 m2)는 5.4배가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 화원부의 CO농도도 동일한 경향을 보이고 있으며, 서부간선터널 대비 A86터널은 10.7배 U-Smartway는 9.5배로 나타났다. 따 라서 소단면 터널의 경우, 단면적감소에 따른 열환경 및 유해가스농도는 단면적 감소율 보다 상당히 크게 증가할 것으로 예상된다.

키워드
소단면 터널
터널화재
대배기구방식
배연시스템
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 19
  • No :3
  • Pages :375-388
  • Received Date : 2017-03-17
  • Revised Date : 2017-04-07
  • Accepted Date : 2017-04-28
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2017.19.3.375
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