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2026 Vol.28, Issue 1 Preview Page

Research Paper

Proposal of a CO2 emission estimation equations based on the derivation of appropriate domestic emission factors and their application: Focusing on NATM tunnel LCA (A1-A5)

국내 적정 배출계수 산정과 이를 적용한 이산화탄소 배출량 산정식 제안: NATM 터널 LCA (A1-A5)를 중심으로

Hae-Chan Lee1
,
Ki-Il Song2*
,
Hong-Joo Lee3
이 해찬1
,
송 기일2*
,
이 홍주3
1Master Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Inha University
2Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Inha University
3Ph.D Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Inha University
1학생회원, 인하대학교 스마트시티공학과 석사과정
2정회원, 인하대학교 사회인프라공학과 정교수
3학생회원, 인하대학교 스마트시티공학과 박사과정
*Corresponding Author
31 January 2026. pp. 63-81
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Abstract

As climate change intensifies, the frequency of natural disasters is increasing and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector are becoming a critical concern. In response, many countries have declared a 2050 Net-Zero target based on IPCC reports and are strengthening carbon-reduction strategies in the infrastructure sector. In Korea, institutional foundations for GHG mitigation have also been established through the enactment of the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth and its enforcement decree. Although emissions generated during tunnel construction are reported to have substantial environmental impacts, domestic studies have largely focused on a limited set of SOC facilities, and tunnel-specific literature remains scarce. Therefore, this study reviews domestic and international research trends related to tunnel construction emissions. Korea-specific emission factors applicable to this study were selected based on the 2024 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report and the 2024 Approved National GHG Emission Factors issued by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment; where emission factors were not explicitly provided, they were estimated using the TOTAL Ver. 6.6.2 program developed by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI). Using the derived emission factors, we adopted the framework and key assumptions of the CO2 emission calculation model proposed by prior international studies and developed a calculation model that quantifies CO2 emissions occurring during the construction phase of NATM tunnels, which directly drives GHG emissions, and CO2 emissions attributable to material use. Finally, the validity of the proposed equations was evaluated by comparing emission factors from prior studies with the Korea-specific emission factors derived in this study.

Keywords
Tunnel construction
NATM
CO2
Carbon emission
Emission factors

기후변화로 인한 자연재해가 증가하고 산업부문 온실가스 배출 문제가 심화되면서, 각국은 IPCC 보고서 등을 바탕으로 2050 탄소중립(Net-Zero)을 선언하고 인프라 부문에서도 탄소 감축 전략을 강화하고 있다. 국내에서도 탄소중립기본법과 시행령을 제정하여, 온실가스 감축을 위한 다양한 정책 수단과 제도적 기반을 적극적으로 마련하고 있다. 터널 시공 중 발생하는 온실가스는 건설 산업 환경에 상당한 영향을 미친다고 보고되었으나 국내에서는 일부 SOC 시설을 대상으로 한 연구만 수행되었을 뿐 터널과 관련된 연구는 아직 미진한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 터널과 관련된 국내외 연구동향을 검토하였고, 2024 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 보고서와 기후에너지환경부의 2024 승인 국가 온실가스 배출 계수 문헌을 통해 국내 적용 가능한 국가 고유 배출계수를 선정하였으며, 정확히 명시되지 않은 배출계수의 경우 한국환경산업기술원에서 제공하는 TOTAL Ver. 6.6.2 프로그램을 활용하여 산정하였다. 산정된 배출계수를 활용하고, 기존 해외 논문에서 제시된 CO2배출량 계산 모델과 내용을 준용하여 온실가스 배출에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 NATM 터널의 시공 단계에서 발생되는 CO2배출량과 자재 사용으로 인해 발생되는 CO2배출량 계산 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 실증 검증이 완료된 기존 연구의 배출계수와 본 논문에서 제시한 국가 고유 배출계수를 비교 분석하여 제시한 산정식의 타당성을 검증하였다.

키워드
터널 시공
NATM
CO2
탄소배출량
배출계수
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 28
  • No :1
  • Pages :63-81
  • Received Date : 2026-01-07
  • Revised Date : 2026-01-22
  • Accepted Date : 2026-01-22
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2026.28.1.063
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