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2025 Vol.27, Issue 2

Research Paper

Comparative study of non-electric and electronic detonator performance subjected to tunnel blasting by numerical analysis

수치해석을 통한 터널 발파로 인한 비전기뇌관과 전자뇌관 성능 비교 연구

Byung-Hoon Choi1
,
Young-Seok Oh2
,
Chan-Yeong Lee2
,
Yong-Joo Lee3
,
Hyeok-Sang Jeong4*
최 병훈1
,
오 영석2
,
이 찬영2
,
이 용주3
,
정 혁상4*
1Director General of Urban Railways Bureau, Urban Infrastructure Headquarters, Seoul Metropolitan Government
2Master Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology
3Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology
4Professor, Dept. of Railway Construction and Safety Engineering, Dongyang University
1정회원, 서울특별시 도시기반시설본부 도시철도국장
2비회원, 서울과학기술대학교 건설시스템공학과 석사과정
3정회원, 서울과학기술대학교 건설시스템공학과 교수
4정회원, 동양대학교 철도건설안전공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 March 2025. pp. 81-100
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Abstract

With the increasing demand for underground space development, minimizing blast-induced vibrations and improving efficiency have become critical challenges. A hybrid approach using non-electric and electronic detonators is being adopted among various alternatives. Non-electric detonators utilize pyrotechnic delays, resulting in a relatively large initiation error of ±10% and limited delay ranges (MS (millisecond) or LS (long period)). In contrast, electronic detonators, controlled by electronic timers, enable ultra-precise delay adjustments with an error margin within 0.01%, effectively mitigating unexpected vibration amplifications. This study analyzed field data and performed numerical simulations to compare detonators’ performance by evaluating permissible charge weights and vibration attenuation patterns. The results showed that non-electric detonators exceeded the permissible vibration limit within 15 m to the blast source, whereas electronic detonators satisfied the standard limit for all measurement points. On the surface, electronic detonators exhibited vibration levels approximately 59% lower than non-electric detonators. In addition, amplified vibrations in the non-electric detonators were observed due to wave interference in vertical vibration velocity (Vy) analysis.

Keywords
Tunnel blast vibration
Electronic detonator
Non-electric detonator
Field monitoring
Numerical analysis

최근 지하공간 개발 수요증가에 따라 발파진동의 영향을 최소화하고 효율성을 높이는 것이 핵심적인 과제가 되고 있다. 특히, 기준치 이하의 발파공해를 목표로 하는 새로운 공법이 요구되고 있으며, 다양한 대안 중 비전기뇌관과 전자뇌관을 혼용하는 방안이 도입되고 있다. 비전기뇌관은 화학적 지연제를 사용하므로 초시오차가 ±10%로 클 뿐만 아니라, 뇌관의 시차도 MS (millisecond) 또는 LS (long period)로 한정적이다. 반면 전자뇌관은 전자 타이머에 의해 초정밀 시차로 조절할 수 있으며, 0.01% 이내의 오차로 초정밀도를 유지하기 때문에 예기치 않는 진동 증폭현상을 제어할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현장계측 데이터를 기반으로 회귀분석을 수행하였으며, 이격거리에 따른 허용장약량을 통해 성능을 비교하였고, 수치해석을 수행하여 발파원으로부터 수직 및 수평거리에 따른 진동속도와 진동감쇠 양상을 분석하였다. 수치해석 결과, 비전기뇌관은 발파원으로부터 수평 이격거리가 15 m 이하일 때 허용 진동 기준을 초과하였으며 전자뇌관은 모든 측정 지점에서 허용기준을 충족하였다. 직상부 지표에서는 전자뇌관이 비전기뇌관보다 약 59%낮은 진동값을 보였다. 또한, 수직 진동속도(Vy) 결과로부터 비전기뇌관은 파동 간섭으로 인해 진동이 증폭되는 현상을 확인하였다.

키워드
터널발파진동
전자뇌관
비전기뇌관
현장계측
수치해석
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 27
  • No :2
  • Pages :81-100
  • Received Date : 2025-01-10
  • Revised Date : 2025-02-12
  • Accepted Date : 2025-02-12
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2025.27.2.81
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