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2026 Vol.28, Issue 3 Preview Page

Research Paper

Analysis of tunnel invert heave behavior using a viscoelastoplastic creep model in squeezing ground

점탄소성 크리프 모델을 적용한 터널 노반 융기 거동 분석

Young-Gyun Na1
,
Ki-Il Song2*
,
Pok-Hwan Bae3
,
Jun-Kyung Park4
나 영균1
,
송 기일2*
,
배 복환3
,
박 준경4
1Ｍaster Student, Dept. of Smart City Engineering, Inha University
2Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Inha University
3Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Inha University
4Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Daelim University
1학생회원, 인하대학교 스마트시티공학과 석사과정
2정회원, 인하대학교 사회인프라공학과 교수
3정회원, 인하대학교 토목공학과 박사과정
4정회원, 대림대학교 건설환경공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 May 2026. pp. 221-243
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Abstract

This study proposes a numerical framework for evaluating long-term invert heave in railway tunnels passing through fault fracture zones under squeezing conditions. The Burgers-Mohr viscoelastoplastic model, implemented in FLAC3D, was adopted to simulate time-dependent creep. Rheological parameters were calibrated via a Differential Evolution (DE) back-analysis. To construct the calibration target, actual field measurements were linearly extrapolated into a synthetic time-series curve, a methodological assumption empirically justified by long-term observation data from analogous squeezing tunnels. A 20-year numerical analysis revealed that unreinforced heave reaches 30.87 mm without convergence, threatening track stability. Introducing micropile reinforcement reduced the heave rate by 84.7% and suppressed the final heave to 22.50 mm (a 27.1% reduction). Furthermore, multi-objective Pareto optimization using 40 Sobol-sampled scenarios identified an optimal design—14.5 m pile length, 2.0 m spacing, installed after 2 years—achieving a 42.1% heave reduction at a 0.46 cost index. This framework provides a quantitative and economically rational basis for micropile design in squeezing tunnels.

Keywords
Squeezing ground
Invert heave
Burgers-Mohr model
Back-analysis
Differential evolution

본 연구는 스퀴징 조건의 단층 파쇄대 구간을 통과하는 철도 터널에서 장기 노반 융기를 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 수치해석 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 시간 의존적 크리프를 모사하기 위해 FLAC3D 기반의 Burgers-Mohr 점탄소성 모델을 적용하였으며, 차분진화(Differential Evolution, DE) 역해석을 통해 유동학적 매개변수를 보정하였다. 역해석 보정 타겟의 구성을 위해 대상 현장의 실측 계측값을 선형 외삽하여 합성 시계열 곡선을 생성하였으며, 이러한 방법론적 가정은 유사 스퀴징 터널의 장기 관측 데이터에 의해 경험적으로 정당화된다. 20년 장기 수치해석 결과, 무보강 조건에서 노반 융기량이 수렴 없이 30.87 mm까지 증가하여 궤도 안정성을 위협하는 것으로 나타났다. 마이크로파일 보강 적용 결과, 융기 속도가 84.7% 저감되었으며, 20년 최종 융기량은 22.50 mm로 억제되어 27.1%의 저감 효과가 확인되었다. 나아가 40개의 Sobol 표본 시나리오를 활용한 다목적 파레토 최적화를 통해, 파일 길이 14.5 m, 종방향 간격 2.0 m, 굴착 후 2년 차 시공 조건을 최적 설계안으로 도출하였으며, 해당 설계안은 비용지수 0.46 수준에서 42.1%의 융기 저감 효과를 달성하였다. 본 프레임워크는 스퀴징 터널에서의 마이크로파일 설계를 위한 정량적이고 경제적으로 합리적인 근거를 제시한다.

키워드
스퀴징 지반
노반 융기
Burgers-Mohr 모델
역해석
차분진화 알고리즘
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Tunneling and Underground Space Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
  • Volume : 28
  • No :3
  • Pages :221-243
  • Received Date : 2026-04-09
  • Revised Date : 2026-05-06
  • Accepted Date : 2026-05-06
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2026.28.3.221
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